Question #1
Which is not a characteristic of proteins?
Answer:
The correct answer is A
Proteins have numerous functions in the body; they can be hormones (chemical messengers), enzymes (catalyze chemical reactions), structural proteins (physical support), transport proteins (carriers of important materials), and antibodies (which bind foreign particles). However, proteins cannot self-replicate; DNA is the only molecule capable of self-replication. Therefore, the correct answer for this question is choice (A).
(B) Opposite. Many proteins act as hormones. Some examples include ADH, insulin and oxytocin.
(C) Opposite. Many proteins aid in cell membrane trafficking; they include the transport proteins that facilitate diffusion across a concentration gradient.
(D) Opposite. Immunoglobulins are proteins and are part of the body’s defensive mechanism and that bind foreign agents and work to keep the body safe from foreign invasion.
Did you answer incorrectly? Make it a learning opportunity. Choose your error type below for more help on getting it right next time.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may need to review the underlying science content knowledge so you can recall key concepts and terms.
Recommendation
Review the practice you complete, searching for general areas of content weakness. Follow up by studying those areas of content weakness using your prep books, videos, or instructor. For areas you particularly struggle with, make use of existing flashcards or create your own.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may need to review the underlying science content or you may have had trouble thinking about a specific scenario and then applying the right outside content knowledge to it.
Recommendation
Focus on becoming more comfortable working with content you already know. Additional practice questions and review will be key, as well as creating and updating personalized flashcards based on trends you notice in your own difficulties recognizing content. Make sure to go back to the books, videos, and instructors for help with any content you don't know at all.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may have rushed through the question stem or answer choices trying to get through questions faster. Knowing how to allocate time on the MCAT is an important skill to master.
Recommendation
Slow down and focus on processing the question first, prior to diving into the answer choices. The test is timed, but points come from understanding the question stem and answering it correctly, so careful reading should be a priority in practice. Focus on taking the time to rephrase the question stem and carefully read the answer choices and complete further practice to test those skills.
Underlying Problem(s)
You might be missing a strategic approach to understanding the question stem, or, what the MCAT is actually asking in this case. This is usually because you weren't able to identify key parts of the question, or it might be because you need more content review.
Recommendation
Rephrasing the question stem in a conscientious way is key to being able to solve the more challenging or wordy questions on the MCAT. Focus on pausing and rephrasing the question stem, prior to trying to actively investigate and solve the problem.
Underlying Problem(s)
You understood the question, but may not have used an equation correctly because you're less comfortable with calculations. You may have also skipped a step when making your calculations or didn't identify a variable value. Reading carefully, identifying the correct variables, and using your scratch work effectively are all key to calculation success.
Recommendation
If you are struggling with calculations, make sure in practice you are making use of your scratch paper and noting any key variables, writing down the portions of the equation and calculations that you need to keep track of your work. If you are going to take the time to complete a calculation question, invest a few extra seconds of writing to ensure you do not make a simple calculation mistake.
Underlying Problem(s)
Wrong answers on the MCAT will always have something definitely wrong in them. You may not have spent time predicting the answer before reviewing the answer choices. Wrong answers are tempting for a very specific reason that relies on common mistakes you might make.
Recommendation
If you are narrowing down to two and choosing wrong consistently, that indicates you are not predicting correct answers prior to diving into the answer choices. Before reading the answer choices in depth, make sure you have a clear task to accomplish based on what the question is really asking, and then complete that task, going to the answer choices only when appropriate. Going into the answer choices too early is likely to lead to further 'stuck between two answers' scenarios.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may not have understood the question or didn't read it closely enough. This is usually due to rushing through a question stem before making a prediction and going to the answer choices.
Recommendation
Rephrasing the question stem in a conscientious way is key to being able to solve the more challenging or wordy questions on the MCAT. In future practice, focus on pausing and rephrasing the question stem, prior to trying to actively investigate and solve the problem.
Underlying Problem(s)
When you "overthink" an MCAT problem, you might be lead astray by an answer that covers something well beyond the scope of the question. This is usually due to not spending enough time predicting an answer before reviewing answer choices.
Recommendation
Before reading the answer choices in depth, make sure you have a clear task to accomplish based on what the question is really asking, and then complete that task, going to the answer choices only when appropriate. Going into the answer choices too early is likely to lead to further 'stuck between two answers' scenarios.
Question #2
A drug is used that prevents the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. What is a likely effect of this drug?
Answer:
The correct answer is B
Normally, angiotensin II causes secretion of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex. Aldosterone serves to increase reabsorption of sodium, while promoting excretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Thus, blocking the release of aldosterone should result in decreased reabsorption of sodium, while decreasing excretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. This eliminates choices (A) and (D) and makes choice (B) the correct answer. In the absence of aldosterone, less water reabsorption will occur, eliminating choice (C).
(A) Opposite. Sodium reabsorption will be decreased.
(C) Opposite. Blood pressure will be decreased because less water will be reabsorbed.
(D) Opposite. Blood pH will decrease because fewer hydrogen ions will be excreted.
Did you answer incorrectly? Make it a learning opportunity. Choose your error type below for more help on getting it right next time.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may need to review the underlying science content knowledge so you can recall key concepts and terms.
Recommendation
Review the practice you complete, searching for general areas of content weakness. Follow up by studying those areas of content weakness using your prep books, videos, or instructor. For areas you particularly struggle with, make use of existing flashcards or create your own.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may need to review the underlying science content or you may have had trouble thinking about a specific scenario and then applying the right outside content knowledge to it.
Recommendation
Focus on becoming more comfortable working with content you already know. Additional practice questions and review will be key, as well as creating and updating personalized flashcards based on trends you notice in your own difficulties recognizing content. Make sure to go back to the books, videos, and instructors for help with any content you don't know at all.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may have rushed through the question stem or answer choices trying to get through questions faster. Knowing how to allocate time on the MCAT is an important skill to master.
Recommendation
Slow down and focus on processing the question first, prior to diving into the answer choices. The test is timed, but points come from understanding the question stem and answering it correctly, so careful reading should be a priority in practice. Focus on taking the time to rephrase the question stem and carefully read the answer choices and complete further practice to test those skills.
Underlying Problem(s)
You might be missing a strategic approach to understanding the question stem, or, what the MCAT is actually asking in this case. This is usually because you weren't able to identify key parts of the question, or it might be because you need more content review.
Recommendation
Rephrasing the question stem in a conscientious way is key to being able to solve the more challenging or wordy questions on the MCAT. Focus on pausing and rephrasing the question stem, prior to trying to actively investigate and solve the problem.
Underlying Problem(s)
You understood the question, but may not have used an equation correctly because you're less comfortable with calculations. You may have also skipped a step when making your calculations or didn't identify a variable value. Reading carefully, identifying the correct variables, and using your scratch work effectively are all key to calculation success.
Recommendation
If you are struggling with calculations, make sure in practice you are making use of your scratch paper and noting any key variables, writing down the portions of the equation and calculations that you need to keep track of your work. If you are going to take the time to complete a calculation question, invest a few extra seconds of writing to ensure you do not make a simple calculation mistake.
Underlying Problem(s)
Wrong answers on the MCAT will always have something definitely wrong in them. You may not have spent time predicting the answer before reviewing the answer choices. Wrong answers are tempting for a very specific reason that relies on common mistakes you might make.
Recommendation
If you are narrowing down to two and choosing wrong consistently, that indicates you are not predicting correct answers prior to diving into the answer choices. Before reading the answer choices in depth, make sure you have a clear task to accomplish based on what the question is really asking, and then complete that task, going to the answer choices only when appropriate. Going into the answer choices too early is likely to lead to further 'stuck between two answers' scenarios.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may not have understood the question or didn't read it closely enough. This is usually due to rushing through a question stem before making a prediction and going to the answer choices.
Recommendation
Rephrasing the question stem in a conscientious way is key to being able to solve the more challenging or wordy questions on the MCAT. In future practice, focus on pausing and rephrasing the question stem, prior to trying to actively investigate and solve the problem.
Underlying Problem(s)
When you "overthink" an MCAT problem, you might be lead astray by an answer that covers something well beyond the scope of the question. This is usually due to not spending enough time predicting an answer before reviewing answer choices.
Recommendation
Before reading the answer choices in depth, make sure you have a clear task to accomplish based on what the question is really asking, and then complete that task, going to the answer choices only when appropriate. Going into the answer choices too early is likely to lead to further 'stuck between two answers' scenarios.
Question #3
Amides are common in nature and in industry; amide linkages link amino acids in polypeptides, and many pharmaceuticals are amides. Which of the following is an amide?
Answer:
The correct answer is B
Amides are defined as organic compounds in which an amine functionality is directly bonded to a carbonyl carbon. Choices (A) and (C) are both simple amines (primary and secondary); Choice (D) is a nitro compound, which is an organic compound with an -NO2 group. Only choice (B) has an amine group,
-N(CH3)2, bonded to a carbonyl carbon, thereby creating the amide functional group-choice (B) is the correct answer.
(A) Distortion. This is a primary amine.
(C) Distortion. This is a secondary amine.
(D) Distortion. This compound has a nitro group attached to a benzene ring.
Did you answer incorrectly? Make it a learning opportunity. Choose your error type below for more help on getting it right next time.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may need to review the underlying science content knowledge so you can recall key concepts and terms.
Recommendation
Review the practice you complete, searching for general areas of content weakness. Follow up by studying those areas of content weakness using your prep books, videos, or instructor. For areas you particularly struggle with, make use of existing flashcards or create your own.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may need to review the underlying science content or you may have had trouble thinking about a specific scenario and then applying the right outside content knowledge to it.
Recommendation
Focus on becoming more comfortable working with content you already know. Additional practice questions and review will be key, as well as creating and updating personalized flashcards based on trends you notice in your own difficulties recognizing content. Make sure to go back to the books, videos, and instructors for help with any content you don't know at all.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may have rushed through the question stem or answer choices trying to get through questions faster. Knowing how to allocate time on the MCAT is an important skill to master.
Recommendation
Slow down and focus on processing the question first, prior to diving into the answer choices. The test is timed, but points come from understanding the question stem and answering it correctly, so careful reading should be a priority in practice. Focus on taking the time to rephrase the question stem and carefully read the answer choices and complete further practice to test those skills.
Underlying Problem(s)
You might be missing a strategic approach to understanding the question stem, or, what the MCAT is actually asking in this case. This is usually because you weren't able to identify key parts of the question, or it might be because you need more content review.
Recommendation
Rephrasing the question stem in a conscientious way is key to being able to solve the more challenging or wordy questions on the MCAT. Focus on pausing and rephrasing the question stem, prior to trying to actively investigate and solve the problem.
Underlying Problem(s)
You understood the question, but may not have used an equation correctly because you're less comfortable with calculations. You may have also skipped a step when making your calculations or didn't identify a variable value. Reading carefully, identifying the correct variables, and using your scratch work effectively are all key to calculation success.
Recommendation
If you are struggling with calculations, make sure in practice you are making use of your scratch paper and noting any key variables, writing down the portions of the equation and calculations that you need to keep track of your work. If you are going to take the time to complete a calculation question, invest a few extra seconds of writing to ensure you do not make a simple calculation mistake.
Underlying Problem(s)
Wrong answers on the MCAT will always have something definitely wrong in them. You may not have spent time predicting the answer before reviewing the answer choices. Wrong answers are tempting for a very specific reason that relies on common mistakes you might make.
Recommendation
If you are narrowing down to two and choosing wrong consistently, that indicates you are not predicting correct answers prior to diving into the answer choices. Before reading the answer choices in depth, make sure you have a clear task to accomplish based on what the question is really asking, and then complete that task, going to the answer choices only when appropriate. Going into the answer choices too early is likely to lead to further 'stuck between two answers' scenarios.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may not have understood the question or didn't read it closely enough. This is usually due to rushing through a question stem before making a prediction and going to the answer choices.
Recommendation
Rephrasing the question stem in a conscientious way is key to being able to solve the more challenging or wordy questions on the MCAT. In future practice, focus on pausing and rephrasing the question stem, prior to trying to actively investigate and solve the problem.
Underlying Problem(s)
When you "overthink" an MCAT problem, you might be lead astray by an answer that covers something well beyond the scope of the question. This is usually due to not spending enough time predicting an answer before reviewing answer choices.
Recommendation
Before reading the answer choices in depth, make sure you have a clear task to accomplish based on what the question is really asking, and then complete that task, going to the answer choices only when appropriate. Going into the answer choices too early is likely to lead to further 'stuck between two answers' scenarios.
Question #4
Which of the following is/are true with regard to neurulation?
I. The neural tube differentiates from endoderm.
II. The neural tube becomes the peripheral nervous
system.
III. Neural crest cells migrate from their original site.
Answer:
The correct answer is B
Neurulation occurs when the notochord causes differentiation of overlying ectoderm into the neural tube and neural crest cells. The neural tube ultimately becomes the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), and neural crest cells migrate to other sites in the body to differentiate into a number of different tissues. Thus, only statement III is true.
(A) Distortion. Roman Numeral I is false.
(C) Distortion. Roman Numeral II is false.
(D) Distortion. Roman Numerals I and II are false.
Did you answer incorrectly? Make it a learning opportunity. Choose your error type below for more help on getting it right next time.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may need to review the underlying science content knowledge so you can recall key concepts and terms.
Recommendation
Review the practice you complete, searching for general areas of content weakness. Follow up by studying those areas of content weakness using your prep books, videos, or instructor. For areas you particularly struggle with, make use of existing flashcards or create your own.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may need to review the underlying science content or you may have had trouble thinking about a specific scenario and then applying the right outside content knowledge to it.
Recommendation
Focus on becoming more comfortable working with content you already know. Additional practice questions and review will be key, as well as creating and updating personalized flashcards based on trends you notice in your own difficulties recognizing content. Make sure to go back to the books, videos, and instructors for help with any content you don't know at all.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may have rushed through the question stem or answer choices trying to get through questions faster. Knowing how to allocate time on the MCAT is an important skill to master.
Recommendation
Slow down and focus on processing the question first, prior to diving into the answer choices. The test is timed, but points come from understanding the question stem and answering it correctly, so careful reading should be a priority in practice. Focus on taking the time to rephrase the question stem and carefully read the answer choices and complete further practice to test those skills.
Underlying Problem(s)
You might be missing a strategic approach to understanding the question stem, or, what the MCAT is actually asking in this case. This is usually because you weren't able to identify key parts of the question, or it might be because you need more content review.
Recommendation
Rephrasing the question stem in a conscientious way is key to being able to solve the more challenging or wordy questions on the MCAT. Focus on pausing and rephrasing the question stem, prior to trying to actively investigate and solve the problem.
Underlying Problem(s)
You understood the question, but may not have used an equation correctly because you're less comfortable with calculations. You may have also skipped a step when making your calculations or didn't identify a variable value. Reading carefully, identifying the correct variables, and using your scratch work effectively are all key to calculation success.
Recommendation
If you are struggling with calculations, make sure in practice you are making use of your scratch paper and noting any key variables, writing down the portions of the equation and calculations that you need to keep track of your work. If you are going to take the time to complete a calculation question, invest a few extra seconds of writing to ensure you do not make a simple calculation mistake.
Underlying Problem(s)
Wrong answers on the MCAT will always have something definitely wrong in them. You may not have spent time predicting the answer before reviewing the answer choices. Wrong answers are tempting for a very specific reason that relies on common mistakes you might make.
Recommendation
If you are narrowing down to two and choosing wrong consistently, that indicates you are not predicting correct answers prior to diving into the answer choices. Before reading the answer choices in depth, make sure you have a clear task to accomplish based on what the question is really asking, and then complete that task, going to the answer choices only when appropriate. Going into the answer choices too early is likely to lead to further 'stuck between two answers' scenarios.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may not have understood the question or didn't read it closely enough. This is usually due to rushing through a question stem before making a prediction and going to the answer choices.
Recommendation
Rephrasing the question stem in a conscientious way is key to being able to solve the more challenging or wordy questions on the MCAT. In future practice, focus on pausing and rephrasing the question stem, prior to trying to actively investigate and solve the problem.
Underlying Problem(s)
When you "overthink" an MCAT problem, you might be lead astray by an answer that covers something well beyond the scope of the question. This is usually due to not spending enough time predicting an answer before reviewing answer choices.
Recommendation
Before reading the answer choices in depth, make sure you have a clear task to accomplish based on what the question is really asking, and then complete that task, going to the answer choices only when appropriate. Going into the answer choices too early is likely to lead to further 'stuck between two answers' scenarios.
Question #5
This process is completed
Answer:
The correct answer is C
The process presented in the question stem is respiration; overall, in the presence of oxygen, a glucose molecule is broken down so as to give energy in the form of ATP, and two byproducts - carbon dioxide and water. Respiration begins in the cytoplasm but is completed in the mitochondria. The first step of respiration is glycolysis, which occurs in the cytoplasm. Pyruvate from this reaction is converted to acetyl CoA, which enters the Krebs cycle in the mitochondria. NADH and FADH2from the Krebs cycle enter the electron transport chain in the cristae, the inner membrane of the mitochondria. Therefore, the process described in the question stem is completed in the mitochondria, making choice (C) the correct answer.
(A) Opposite. The process begins in the cytoplasm, but is completed in the mitochondria.
(B) Distortion. Glycolysis is not associated with the area of the cell membrane.
(D) Distortion. Proteins are created by ribosomes. Glycolysis and protein production are not related to each other.
Did you answer incorrectly? Make it a learning opportunity. Choose your error type below for more help on getting it right next time.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may need to review the underlying science content knowledge so you can recall key concepts and terms.
Recommendation
Review the practice you complete, searching for general areas of content weakness. Follow up by studying those areas of content weakness using your prep books, videos, or instructor. For areas you particularly struggle with, make use of existing flashcards or create your own.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may need to review the underlying science content or you may have had trouble thinking about a specific scenario and then applying the right outside content knowledge to it.
Recommendation
Focus on becoming more comfortable working with content you already know. Additional practice questions and review will be key, as well as creating and updating personalized flashcards based on trends you notice in your own difficulties recognizing content. Make sure to go back to the books, videos, and instructors for help with any content you don't know at all.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may have rushed through the question stem or answer choices trying to get through questions faster. Knowing how to allocate time on the MCAT is an important skill to master.
Recommendation
Slow down and focus on processing the question first, prior to diving into the answer choices. The test is timed, but points come from understanding the question stem and answering it correctly, so careful reading should be a priority in practice. Focus on taking the time to rephrase the question stem and carefully read the answer choices and complete further practice to test those skills.
Underlying Problem(s)
You might be missing a strategic approach to understanding the question stem, or, what the MCAT is actually asking in this case. This is usually because you weren't able to identify key parts of the question, or it might be because you need more content review.
Recommendation
Rephrasing the question stem in a conscientious way is key to being able to solve the more challenging or wordy questions on the MCAT. Focus on pausing and rephrasing the question stem, prior to trying to actively investigate and solve the problem.
Underlying Problem(s)
You understood the question, but may not have used an equation correctly because you're less comfortable with calculations. You may have also skipped a step when making your calculations or didn't identify a variable value. Reading carefully, identifying the correct variables, and using your scratch work effectively are all key to calculation success.
Recommendation
If you are struggling with calculations, make sure in practice you are making use of your scratch paper and noting any key variables, writing down the portions of the equation and calculations that you need to keep track of your work. If you are going to take the time to complete a calculation question, invest a few extra seconds of writing to ensure you do not make a simple calculation mistake.
Underlying Problem(s)
Wrong answers on the MCAT will always have something definitely wrong in them. You may not have spent time predicting the answer before reviewing the answer choices. Wrong answers are tempting for a very specific reason that relies on common mistakes you might make.
Recommendation
If you are narrowing down to two and choosing wrong consistently, that indicates you are not predicting correct answers prior to diving into the answer choices. Before reading the answer choices in depth, make sure you have a clear task to accomplish based on what the question is really asking, and then complete that task, going to the answer choices only when appropriate. Going into the answer choices too early is likely to lead to further 'stuck between two answers' scenarios.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may not have understood the question or didn't read it closely enough. This is usually due to rushing through a question stem before making a prediction and going to the answer choices.
Recommendation
Rephrasing the question stem in a conscientious way is key to being able to solve the more challenging or wordy questions on the MCAT. In future practice, focus on pausing and rephrasing the question stem, prior to trying to actively investigate and solve the problem.
Underlying Problem(s)
When you "overthink" an MCAT problem, you might be lead astray by an answer that covers something well beyond the scope of the question. This is usually due to not spending enough time predicting an answer before reviewing answer choices.
Recommendation
Before reading the answer choices in depth, make sure you have a clear task to accomplish based on what the question is really asking, and then complete that task, going to the answer choices only when appropriate. Going into the answer choices too early is likely to lead to further 'stuck between two answers' scenarios.
Question #6
Biochemical pathways often involve multiple successive chemical reactions. Given the above series of reactions leading to the formation of products D and E, which is the rate-determining step?
Answer:
The correct answer is A
This question can be answered based on fundamental definitions. The rate-determining step is simply the slowest step in a proposed mechanism. Of the three steps shown, only step I is labeled as “slow” and must therefore be the bottleneck in the overall process. As such, it must be the rate-determining step, making choice (A) the correct answer.
(B) Distortion. Roman Numeral II is false.
(C) Distortion.Roman Numeral III is false.
(D) Distortion.Roman Numeral II is false.
Did you answer incorrectly? Make it a learning opportunity. Choose your error type below for more help on getting it right next time.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may need to review the underlying science content knowledge so you can recall key concepts and terms.
Recommendation
Review the practice you complete, searching for general areas of content weakness. Follow up by studying those areas of content weakness using your prep books, videos, or instructor. For areas you particularly struggle with, make use of existing flashcards or create your own.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may need to review the underlying science content or you may have had trouble thinking about a specific scenario and then applying the right outside content knowledge to it.
Recommendation
Focus on becoming more comfortable working with content you already know. Additional practice questions and review will be key, as well as creating and updating personalized flashcards based on trends you notice in your own difficulties recognizing content. Make sure to go back to the books, videos, and instructors for help with any content you don't know at all.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may have rushed through the question stem or answer choices trying to get through questions faster. Knowing how to allocate time on the MCAT is an important skill to master.
Recommendation
Slow down and focus on processing the question first, prior to diving into the answer choices. The test is timed, but points come from understanding the question stem and answering it correctly, so careful reading should be a priority in practice. Focus on taking the time to rephrase the question stem and carefully read the answer choices and complete further practice to test those skills.
Underlying Problem(s)
You might be missing a strategic approach to understanding the question stem, or, what the MCAT is actually asking in this case. This is usually because you weren't able to identify key parts of the question, or it might be because you need more content review.
Recommendation
Rephrasing the question stem in a conscientious way is key to being able to solve the more challenging or wordy questions on the MCAT. Focus on pausing and rephrasing the question stem, prior to trying to actively investigate and solve the problem.
Underlying Problem(s)
You understood the question, but may not have used an equation correctly because you're less comfortable with calculations. You may have also skipped a step when making your calculations or didn't identify a variable value. Reading carefully, identifying the correct variables, and using your scratch work effectively are all key to calculation success.
Recommendation
If you are struggling with calculations, make sure in practice you are making use of your scratch paper and noting any key variables, writing down the portions of the equation and calculations that you need to keep track of your work. If you are going to take the time to complete a calculation question, invest a few extra seconds of writing to ensure you do not make a simple calculation mistake.
Underlying Problem(s)
Wrong answers on the MCAT will always have something definitely wrong in them. You may not have spent time predicting the answer before reviewing the answer choices. Wrong answers are tempting for a very specific reason that relies on common mistakes you might make.
Recommendation
If you are narrowing down to two and choosing wrong consistently, that indicates you are not predicting correct answers prior to diving into the answer choices. Before reading the answer choices in depth, make sure you have a clear task to accomplish based on what the question is really asking, and then complete that task, going to the answer choices only when appropriate. Going into the answer choices too early is likely to lead to further 'stuck between two answers' scenarios.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may not have understood the question or didn't read it closely enough. This is usually due to rushing through a question stem before making a prediction and going to the answer choices.
Recommendation
Rephrasing the question stem in a conscientious way is key to being able to solve the more challenging or wordy questions on the MCAT. In future practice, focus on pausing and rephrasing the question stem, prior to trying to actively investigate and solve the problem.
Underlying Problem(s)
When you "overthink" an MCAT problem, you might be lead astray by an answer that covers something well beyond the scope of the question. This is usually due to not spending enough time predicting an answer before reviewing answer choices.
Recommendation
Before reading the answer choices in depth, make sure you have a clear task to accomplish based on what the question is really asking, and then complete that task, going to the answer choices only when appropriate. Going into the answer choices too early is likely to lead to further 'stuck between two answers' scenarios.
Question #7
What is the response of the immune system to downregulation of MHC molecules on somatic cells?
Answer:
The correct answer is C
Healthy cells exhibit MHC class I molecules. Natural killer cells monitor the expression of MHC molecules on the surface of cells. Viral infection and cancer often cause a reduction in the expression of MHC class I molecules on the cell surface. Natural killer cells detect this lack of MHC and induce apoptosis in the affected cells.
(A) Opposite. B-cells are activated by a presence, not absense, of MHC molecules.
(B) Distortion. Cytotoxic T-cells are activated by the display of foreign peptide fragments by MHC molecules, not by their downregulation.
(D) Distortion. Pathogen engulfing would precede, not follow, MHC downregulation.
Did you answer incorrectly? Make it a learning opportunity. Choose your error type below for more help on getting it right next time.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may need to review the underlying science content knowledge so you can recall key concepts and terms.
Recommendation
Review the practice you complete, searching for general areas of content weakness. Follow up by studying those areas of content weakness using your prep books, videos, or instructor. For areas you particularly struggle with, make use of existing flashcards or create your own.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may need to review the underlying science content or you may have had trouble thinking about a specific scenario and then applying the right outside content knowledge to it.
Recommendation
Focus on becoming more comfortable working with content you already know. Additional practice questions and review will be key, as well as creating and updating personalized flashcards based on trends you notice in your own difficulties recognizing content. Make sure to go back to the books, videos, and instructors for help with any content you don't know at all.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may have rushed through the question stem or answer choices trying to get through questions faster. Knowing how to allocate time on the MCAT is an important skill to master.
Recommendation
Slow down and focus on processing the question first, prior to diving into the answer choices. The test is timed, but points come from understanding the question stem and answering it correctly, so careful reading should be a priority in practice. Focus on taking the time to rephrase the question stem and carefully read the answer choices and complete further practice to test those skills.
Underlying Problem(s)
You might be missing a strategic approach to understanding the question stem, or, what the MCAT is actually asking in this case. This is usually because you weren't able to identify key parts of the question, or it might be because you need more content review.
Recommendation
Rephrasing the question stem in a conscientious way is key to being able to solve the more challenging or wordy questions on the MCAT. Focus on pausing and rephrasing the question stem, prior to trying to actively investigate and solve the problem.
Underlying Problem(s)
You understood the question, but may not have used an equation correctly because you're less comfortable with calculations. You may have also skipped a step when making your calculations or didn't identify a variable value. Reading carefully, identifying the correct variables, and using your scratch work effectively are all key to calculation success.
Recommendation
If you are struggling with calculations, make sure in practice you are making use of your scratch paper and noting any key variables, writing down the portions of the equation and calculations that you need to keep track of your work. If you are going to take the time to complete a calculation question, invest a few extra seconds of writing to ensure you do not make a simple calculation mistake.
Underlying Problem(s)
Wrong answers on the MCAT will always have something definitely wrong in them. You may not have spent time predicting the answer before reviewing the answer choices. Wrong answers are tempting for a very specific reason that relies on common mistakes you might make.
Recommendation
If you are narrowing down to two and choosing wrong consistently, that indicates you are not predicting correct answers prior to diving into the answer choices. Before reading the answer choices in depth, make sure you have a clear task to accomplish based on what the question is really asking, and then complete that task, going to the answer choices only when appropriate. Going into the answer choices too early is likely to lead to further 'stuck between two answers' scenarios.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may not have understood the question or didn't read it closely enough. This is usually due to rushing through a question stem before making a prediction and going to the answer choices.
Recommendation
Rephrasing the question stem in a conscientious way is key to being able to solve the more challenging or wordy questions on the MCAT. In future practice, focus on pausing and rephrasing the question stem, prior to trying to actively investigate and solve the problem.
Underlying Problem(s)
When you "overthink" an MCAT problem, you might be lead astray by an answer that covers something well beyond the scope of the question. This is usually due to not spending enough time predicting an answer before reviewing answer choices.
Recommendation
Before reading the answer choices in depth, make sure you have a clear task to accomplish based on what the question is really asking, and then complete that task, going to the answer choices only when appropriate. Going into the answer choices too early is likely to lead to further 'stuck between two answers' scenarios.
Question #8
A person suffers from food poisoning after eating a spoiled lemon, and later finds that the smell of limes and other citrus fruits make her nauseous. This is an example of:
Answer:
The correct answer is B
Generalization is the process by which similar stimuli can produce the same conditioned response. Here, the response to the taste and smell of lemons has generalized to that of all citrus.
(A) Distortion. Acquisition is the process whereby a neutral stimulus is first made into a conditioned stimulus.
(C) Opposite Discrimination is when an organism learns to distinguish between two similar stimuli. This is the opposite of generalization.
(D) Distortion. Negative reinforcement removes an unpleasant stimulus in order to increase a certain behavior.
Did you answer incorrectly? Make it a learning opportunity. Choose your error type below for more help on getting it right next time.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may need to review the underlying science content knowledge so you can recall key concepts and terms.
Recommendation
Review the practice you complete, searching for general areas of content weakness. Follow up by studying those areas of content weakness using your prep books, videos, or instructor. For areas you particularly struggle with, make use of existing flashcards or create your own.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may need to review the underlying science content or you may have had trouble thinking about a specific scenario and then applying the right outside content knowledge to it.
Recommendation
Focus on becoming more comfortable working with content you already know. Additional practice questions and review will be key, as well as creating and updating personalized flashcards based on trends you notice in your own difficulties recognizing content. Make sure to go back to the books, videos, and instructors for help with any content you don't know at all.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may have rushed through the question stem or answer choices trying to get through questions faster. Knowing how to allocate time on the MCAT is an important skill to master.
Recommendation
Slow down and focus on processing the question first, prior to diving into the answer choices. The test is timed, but points come from understanding the question stem and answering it correctly, so careful reading should be a priority in practice. Focus on taking the time to rephrase the question stem and carefully read the answer choices and complete further practice to test those skills.
Underlying Problem(s)
You might be missing a strategic approach to understanding the question stem, or, what the MCAT is actually asking in this case. This is usually because you weren't able to identify key parts of the question, or it might be because you need more content review.
Recommendation
Rephrasing the question stem in a conscientious way is key to being able to solve the more challenging or wordy questions on the MCAT. Focus on pausing and rephrasing the question stem, prior to trying to actively investigate and solve the problem.
Underlying Problem(s)
You understood the question, but may not have used an equation correctly because you're less comfortable with calculations. You may have also skipped a step when making your calculations or didn't identify a variable value. Reading carefully, identifying the correct variables, and using your scratch work effectively are all key to calculation success.
Recommendation
If you are struggling with calculations, make sure in practice you are making use of your scratch paper and noting any key variables, writing down the portions of the equation and calculations that you need to keep track of your work. If you are going to take the time to complete a calculation question, invest a few extra seconds of writing to ensure you do not make a simple calculation mistake.
Underlying Problem(s)
Wrong answers on the MCAT will always have something definitely wrong in them. You may not have spent time predicting the answer before reviewing the answer choices. Wrong answers are tempting for a very specific reason that relies on common mistakes you might make.
Recommendation
If you are narrowing down to two and choosing wrong consistently, that indicates you are not predicting correct answers prior to diving into the answer choices. Before reading the answer choices in depth, make sure you have a clear task to accomplish based on what the question is really asking, and then complete that task, going to the answer choices only when appropriate. Going into the answer choices too early is likely to lead to further 'stuck between two answers' scenarios.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may not have understood the question or didn't read it closely enough. This is usually due to rushing through a question stem before making a prediction and going to the answer choices.
Recommendation
Rephrasing the question stem in a conscientious way is key to being able to solve the more challenging or wordy questions on the MCAT. In future practice, focus on pausing and rephrasing the question stem, prior to trying to actively investigate and solve the problem.
Underlying Problem(s)
When you "overthink" an MCAT problem, you might be lead astray by an answer that covers something well beyond the scope of the question. This is usually due to not spending enough time predicting an answer before reviewing answer choices.
Recommendation
Before reading the answer choices in depth, make sure you have a clear task to accomplish based on what the question is really asking, and then complete that task, going to the answer choices only when appropriate. Going into the answer choices too early is likely to lead to further 'stuck between two answers' scenarios.
Question #9
How many different types of gametes would be produced by an organism of genotype AabbCcDdEE, if all of the genes assort independently?
Answer:
The correct answer is B
The correct answer is choice B. The number of genetically unique gametes produced by a given individual can be determined by using the formula “two to the nth power", where “n” is the number of heterozygous gene pairs that the individual has (23 = 8). Heterozygous pairs are those in which the two alleles are not the same. The number of homozygous gene pairs is not a factor in the formula because homozygous gene pairs do not contribute to the total number of possible variations in a gamete’s chromosome content. Why? Because all the gametes will have the same allele if the parent has two identical copies of the gene. If an organism has only two traits, and its genotype is big A little a, big B big B, there are only different types of gametes that it can produce: big A big B, and little a big B. Since the organism is homozygous for the B gene, there is no variation in the gametes for this allele; every gamete will have the big B allele. And if we used the formula, 2 to the nth power we get 2 different gametes for this organism. How did we figure that out? Since there is only one heterozygous pair for this organism, which is big A little a, n is equal to 1. So we get 2 raised to the first power, which is 2. Now let’s look at the question. The individual in the question has the genotype big A little a, little b little b, big C little c, big D little d, big E big E. Well, there are three heterozygous gene pairs out of a total of five pairs. So, using the formula, we get two raised to the third power, which equals 8, choice B. All eight of these gametes will have the little b gene and the big E gene; what these gametes do differ in is which type of A gene, C gene, and D gene they wound up with as a result of independent assortment during gametogenesis, or meiosis. Since you were only dealing with three gene pairs, you didn’t really need the formula to figure this one out--you probably could have done it in your head. The formula is much more useful as the number of heterozygous gene pairs increases. Again, choice B is the right answer.
(A) Miscalculation. This answer is not possible because it is not 2 raised to an integer.
(C) Miscalculation. This answer is not possible because it is not 2 raised to an integer.
(D) Miscalculation. This would be correct if one of the homozygous pairs was heterozygous (if bb was Bb or EE was Ee). This would produce 24 = 16 different gametes.
Did you answer incorrectly? Make it a learning opportunity. Choose your error type below for more help on getting it right next time.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may need to review the underlying science content knowledge so you can recall key concepts and terms.
Recommendation
Review the practice you complete, searching for general areas of content weakness. Follow up by studying those areas of content weakness using your prep books, videos, or instructor. For areas you particularly struggle with, make use of existing flashcards or create your own.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may need to review the underlying science content or you may have had trouble thinking about a specific scenario and then applying the right outside content knowledge to it.
Recommendation
Focus on becoming more comfortable working with content you already know. Additional practice questions and review will be key, as well as creating and updating personalized flashcards based on trends you notice in your own difficulties recognizing content. Make sure to go back to the books, videos, and instructors for help with any content you don't know at all.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may have rushed through the question stem or answer choices trying to get through questions faster. Knowing how to allocate time on the MCAT is an important skill to master.
Recommendation
Slow down and focus on processing the question first, prior to diving into the answer choices. The test is timed, but points come from understanding the question stem and answering it correctly, so careful reading should be a priority in practice. Focus on taking the time to rephrase the question stem and carefully read the answer choices and complete further practice to test those skills.
Underlying Problem(s)
You might be missing a strategic approach to understanding the question stem, or, what the MCAT is actually asking in this case. This is usually because you weren't able to identify key parts of the question, or it might be because you need more content review.
Recommendation
Rephrasing the question stem in a conscientious way is key to being able to solve the more challenging or wordy questions on the MCAT. Focus on pausing and rephrasing the question stem, prior to trying to actively investigate and solve the problem.
Underlying Problem(s)
You understood the question, but may not have used an equation correctly because you're less comfortable with calculations. You may have also skipped a step when making your calculations or didn't identify a variable value. Reading carefully, identifying the correct variables, and using your scratch work effectively are all key to calculation success.
Recommendation
If you are struggling with calculations, make sure in practice you are making use of your scratch paper and noting any key variables, writing down the portions of the equation and calculations that you need to keep track of your work. If you are going to take the time to complete a calculation question, invest a few extra seconds of writing to ensure you do not make a simple calculation mistake.
Underlying Problem(s)
Wrong answers on the MCAT will always have something definitely wrong in them. You may not have spent time predicting the answer before reviewing the answer choices. Wrong answers are tempting for a very specific reason that relies on common mistakes you might make.
Recommendation
If you are narrowing down to two and choosing wrong consistently, that indicates you are not predicting correct answers prior to diving into the answer choices. Before reading the answer choices in depth, make sure you have a clear task to accomplish based on what the question is really asking, and then complete that task, going to the answer choices only when appropriate. Going into the answer choices too early is likely to lead to further 'stuck between two answers' scenarios.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may not have understood the question or didn't read it closely enough. This is usually due to rushing through a question stem before making a prediction and going to the answer choices.
Recommendation
Rephrasing the question stem in a conscientious way is key to being able to solve the more challenging or wordy questions on the MCAT. In future practice, focus on pausing and rephrasing the question stem, prior to trying to actively investigate and solve the problem.
Underlying Problem(s)
When you "overthink" an MCAT problem, you might be lead astray by an answer that covers something well beyond the scope of the question. This is usually due to not spending enough time predicting an answer before reviewing answer choices.
Recommendation
Before reading the answer choices in depth, make sure you have a clear task to accomplish based on what the question is really asking, and then complete that task, going to the answer choices only when appropriate. Going into the answer choices too early is likely to lead to further 'stuck between two answers' scenarios.
Question #10
A woman comes to the doctor with a two-week history of complete paralysis of her left arm. She has had no injury to the extremity, and full neurological workup fails to demonstrate any underlying cause. She seems surprisingly unconcerned about the paralysis, and seems more worried about an argument she had one month ago in which she hit her daughter. Based on this information, the woman’s most likely diagnosis is:
Answer:
The correct answer is A
Conversion disorder is marked by a motor or sensory symptom in the absence of an underlying physical or neurological cause. It is associated with an inciting event that, in this case, may have been the argument with her daughter. Her lack of concern over the deficit is referred to as
(B) Distortion. Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by a persistent worry about various facets of life.
(C) Distortion. Illness anxiety disorder is characterized by constant worry about having or developing a serious medical condition.
(D) Distortion. Histrionic personality disorder is characterized by obsessive attention-seeking behavior.
Did you answer incorrectly? Make it a learning opportunity. Choose your error type below for more help on getting it right next time.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may need to review the underlying science content knowledge so you can recall key concepts and terms.
Recommendation
Review the practice you complete, searching for general areas of content weakness. Follow up by studying those areas of content weakness using your prep books, videos, or instructor. For areas you particularly struggle with, make use of existing flashcards or create your own.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may need to review the underlying science content or you may have had trouble thinking about a specific scenario and then applying the right outside content knowledge to it.
Recommendation
Focus on becoming more comfortable working with content you already know. Additional practice questions and review will be key, as well as creating and updating personalized flashcards based on trends you notice in your own difficulties recognizing content. Make sure to go back to the books, videos, and instructors for help with any content you don't know at all.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may have rushed through the question stem or answer choices trying to get through questions faster. Knowing how to allocate time on the MCAT is an important skill to master.
Recommendation
Slow down and focus on processing the question first, prior to diving into the answer choices. The test is timed, but points come from understanding the question stem and answering it correctly, so careful reading should be a priority in practice. Focus on taking the time to rephrase the question stem and carefully read the answer choices and complete further practice to test those skills.
Underlying Problem(s)
You might be missing a strategic approach to understanding the question stem, or, what the MCAT is actually asking in this case. This is usually because you weren't able to identify key parts of the question, or it might be because you need more content review.
Recommendation
Rephrasing the question stem in a conscientious way is key to being able to solve the more challenging or wordy questions on the MCAT. Focus on pausing and rephrasing the question stem, prior to trying to actively investigate and solve the problem.
Underlying Problem(s)
You understood the question, but may not have used an equation correctly because you're less comfortable with calculations. You may have also skipped a step when making your calculations or didn't identify a variable value. Reading carefully, identifying the correct variables, and using your scratch work effectively are all key to calculation success.
Recommendation
If you are struggling with calculations, make sure in practice you are making use of your scratch paper and noting any key variables, writing down the portions of the equation and calculations that you need to keep track of your work. If you are going to take the time to complete a calculation question, invest a few extra seconds of writing to ensure you do not make a simple calculation mistake.
Underlying Problem(s)
Wrong answers on the MCAT will always have something definitely wrong in them. You may not have spent time predicting the answer before reviewing the answer choices. Wrong answers are tempting for a very specific reason that relies on common mistakes you might make.
Recommendation
If you are narrowing down to two and choosing wrong consistently, that indicates you are not predicting correct answers prior to diving into the answer choices. Before reading the answer choices in depth, make sure you have a clear task to accomplish based on what the question is really asking, and then complete that task, going to the answer choices only when appropriate. Going into the answer choices too early is likely to lead to further 'stuck between two answers' scenarios.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may not have understood the question or didn't read it closely enough. This is usually due to rushing through a question stem before making a prediction and going to the answer choices.
Recommendation
Rephrasing the question stem in a conscientious way is key to being able to solve the more challenging or wordy questions on the MCAT. In future practice, focus on pausing and rephrasing the question stem, prior to trying to actively investigate and solve the problem.
Underlying Problem(s)
When you "overthink" an MCAT problem, you might be lead astray by an answer that covers something well beyond the scope of the question. This is usually due to not spending enough time predicting an answer before reviewing answer choices.
Recommendation
Before reading the answer choices in depth, make sure you have a clear task to accomplish based on what the question is really asking, and then complete that task, going to the answer choices only when appropriate. Going into the answer choices too early is likely to lead to further 'stuck between two answers' scenarios.
Question #11
Structural isomers can have drastically different roles in the body. Furthermore, only one of multiple optical isomers may be made by the body or be useful as a therapeutic agent. How many structural isomers of C3H6Br2are capable of exhibiting optical activity?
Answer:
The correct answer is B
Four structural isomers exist for the formula C3H6Br2:
Among these, only the third structure, 1, 2-dibromopropane, contains a chiral carbon. The middle carbon is attached to four different groups: an H, a Br, a methyl group, and a -CH2Br group. Since it is the only possible structure that contains a chiral carbon, it is the only one which can be optically active. None of the other choices contain a chiral carbon. As such, these compounds are all achiral and, thus, optically inactive. Choice (B) is the correct answer.
(A) Distortion. Only one optically active isomer can be formed from this molecular formula.
(C) Distortion. Only one optically active isomer can be formed from this molecular formula.
(D) Distortion. Only one optically active isomer can be formed from this molecular formula.
Did you answer incorrectly? Make it a learning opportunity. Choose your error type below for more help on getting it right next time.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may need to review the underlying science content knowledge so you can recall key concepts and terms.
Recommendation
Review the practice you complete, searching for general areas of content weakness. Follow up by studying those areas of content weakness using your prep books, videos, or instructor. For areas you particularly struggle with, make use of existing flashcards or create your own.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may need to review the underlying science content or you may have had trouble thinking about a specific scenario and then applying the right outside content knowledge to it.
Recommendation
Focus on becoming more comfortable working with content you already know. Additional practice questions and review will be key, as well as creating and updating personalized flashcards based on trends you notice in your own difficulties recognizing content. Make sure to go back to the books, videos, and instructors for help with any content you don't know at all.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may have rushed through the question stem or answer choices trying to get through questions faster. Knowing how to allocate time on the MCAT is an important skill to master.
Recommendation
Slow down and focus on processing the question first, prior to diving into the answer choices. The test is timed, but points come from understanding the question stem and answering it correctly, so careful reading should be a priority in practice. Focus on taking the time to rephrase the question stem and carefully read the answer choices and complete further practice to test those skills.
Underlying Problem(s)
You might be missing a strategic approach to understanding the question stem, or, what the MCAT is actually asking in this case. This is usually because you weren't able to identify key parts of the question, or it might be because you need more content review.
Recommendation
Rephrasing the question stem in a conscientious way is key to being able to solve the more challenging or wordy questions on the MCAT. Focus on pausing and rephrasing the question stem, prior to trying to actively investigate and solve the problem.
Underlying Problem(s)
You understood the question, but may not have used an equation correctly because you're less comfortable with calculations. You may have also skipped a step when making your calculations or didn't identify a variable value. Reading carefully, identifying the correct variables, and using your scratch work effectively are all key to calculation success.
Recommendation
If you are struggling with calculations, make sure in practice you are making use of your scratch paper and noting any key variables, writing down the portions of the equation and calculations that you need to keep track of your work. If you are going to take the time to complete a calculation question, invest a few extra seconds of writing to ensure you do not make a simple calculation mistake.
Underlying Problem(s)
Wrong answers on the MCAT will always have something definitely wrong in them. You may not have spent time predicting the answer before reviewing the answer choices. Wrong answers are tempting for a very specific reason that relies on common mistakes you might make.
Recommendation
If you are narrowing down to two and choosing wrong consistently, that indicates you are not predicting correct answers prior to diving into the answer choices. Before reading the answer choices in depth, make sure you have a clear task to accomplish based on what the question is really asking, and then complete that task, going to the answer choices only when appropriate. Going into the answer choices too early is likely to lead to further 'stuck between two answers' scenarios.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may not have understood the question or didn't read it closely enough. This is usually due to rushing through a question stem before making a prediction and going to the answer choices.
Recommendation
Rephrasing the question stem in a conscientious way is key to being able to solve the more challenging or wordy questions on the MCAT. In future practice, focus on pausing and rephrasing the question stem, prior to trying to actively investigate and solve the problem.
Underlying Problem(s)
When you "overthink" an MCAT problem, you might be lead astray by an answer that covers something well beyond the scope of the question. This is usually due to not spending enough time predicting an answer before reviewing answer choices.
Recommendation
Before reading the answer choices in depth, make sure you have a clear task to accomplish based on what the question is really asking, and then complete that task, going to the answer choices only when appropriate. Going into the answer choices too early is likely to lead to further 'stuck between two answers' scenarios.
Question #12
A 6 ft man lifts a 100-lb weight from the floor to a height 1 ft above his head.
How much work is done in lifting the weight?
Answer:
The correct answer is D
Recall the equation used to determine work, W = Fd cos θ, where F is the force, d is the displacement, and θ is the angle between the force and the displacement. In this case, the direction of the force and the direction of the displacement are the same, so that θ = 0° which means that cos θ = 1. So we have W = Fd. Now we note that the force required to lift an object is simply the weight of the object. So we have W = (100 pounds)(6 ft + 1 ft) = 700 ft-pounds, making choice (D) the correct answer.
(A) Distortion. This cannot be true because none of the variables in the work formula are zero.
(B) Miscalculation. This answer is the result of a math error or a mistake in the setup of the question.
(C) Miscalculation. This answer neglects to take into consideration that the man lifted the weight 1ft above his head, making the total distance 7 ft, not 6 ft.
Did you answer incorrectly? Make it a learning opportunity. Choose your error type below for more help on getting it right next time.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may need to review the underlying science content knowledge so you can recall key concepts and terms.
Recommendation
Review the practice you complete, searching for general areas of content weakness. Follow up by studying those areas of content weakness using your prep books, videos, or instructor. For areas you particularly struggle with, make use of existing flashcards or create your own.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may need to review the underlying science content or you may have had trouble thinking about a specific scenario and then applying the right outside content knowledge to it.
Recommendation
Focus on becoming more comfortable working with content you already know. Additional practice questions and review will be key, as well as creating and updating personalized flashcards based on trends you notice in your own difficulties recognizing content. Make sure to go back to the books, videos, and instructors for help with any content you don't know at all.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may have rushed through the question stem or answer choices trying to get through questions faster. Knowing how to allocate time on the MCAT is an important skill to master.
Recommendation
Slow down and focus on processing the question first, prior to diving into the answer choices. The test is timed, but points come from understanding the question stem and answering it correctly, so careful reading should be a priority in practice. Focus on taking the time to rephrase the question stem and carefully read the answer choices and complete further practice to test those skills.
Underlying Problem(s)
You might be missing a strategic approach to understanding the question stem, or, what the MCAT is actually asking in this case. This is usually because you weren't able to identify key parts of the question, or it might be because you need more content review.
Recommendation
Rephrasing the question stem in a conscientious way is key to being able to solve the more challenging or wordy questions on the MCAT. Focus on pausing and rephrasing the question stem, prior to trying to actively investigate and solve the problem.
Underlying Problem(s)
You understood the question, but may not have used an equation correctly because you're less comfortable with calculations. You may have also skipped a step when making your calculations or didn't identify a variable value. Reading carefully, identifying the correct variables, and using your scratch work effectively are all key to calculation success.
Recommendation
If you are struggling with calculations, make sure in practice you are making use of your scratch paper and noting any key variables, writing down the portions of the equation and calculations that you need to keep track of your work. If you are going to take the time to complete a calculation question, invest a few extra seconds of writing to ensure you do not make a simple calculation mistake.
Underlying Problem(s)
Wrong answers on the MCAT will always have something definitely wrong in them. You may not have spent time predicting the answer before reviewing the answer choices. Wrong answers are tempting for a very specific reason that relies on common mistakes you might make.
Recommendation
If you are narrowing down to two and choosing wrong consistently, that indicates you are not predicting correct answers prior to diving into the answer choices. Before reading the answer choices in depth, make sure you have a clear task to accomplish based on what the question is really asking, and then complete that task, going to the answer choices only when appropriate. Going into the answer choices too early is likely to lead to further 'stuck between two answers' scenarios.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may not have understood the question or didn't read it closely enough. This is usually due to rushing through a question stem before making a prediction and going to the answer choices.
Recommendation
Rephrasing the question stem in a conscientious way is key to being able to solve the more challenging or wordy questions on the MCAT. In future practice, focus on pausing and rephrasing the question stem, prior to trying to actively investigate and solve the problem.
Underlying Problem(s)
When you "overthink" an MCAT problem, you might be lead astray by an answer that covers something well beyond the scope of the question. This is usually due to not spending enough time predicting an answer before reviewing answer choices.
Recommendation
Before reading the answer choices in depth, make sure you have a clear task to accomplish based on what the question is really asking, and then complete that task, going to the answer choices only when appropriate. Going into the answer choices too early is likely to lead to further 'stuck between two answers' scenarios.
Question #13
Which statement about cyclic AMP (cAMP) is NOT true?
Answer:
The correct answer is C
cAMP is responsible for carrying the chemical stimulus into the cytoplasm and triggering a response; it is generally referred to as a second messenger because it is mobilized after a receptor binds a ligand. Ligands (such as hormones and neurotransmitters) bind their membrane receptors, activating them. Through a G-protein intermediate, the enzyme adenylate cyclase is activated, and converts ATP into cAMP. Adenylate cyclase is attached to the inner layer of the phospholipid bilayer; it is not located in the cytoplasm, which means that choice (C) is a false statement, and therefore the correct answer for this question.
(A) Opposite. cAMP is formed from ATP by the adenylate cyclase enzyme.
(B) Opposite. Adenylate cyclase is the enzyme that catalyzes the formation of cAMP.
(D) Opposite. cAMP is a second messenger that triggers further reactions inside the cell.
Did you answer incorrectly? Make it a learning opportunity. Choose your error type below for more help on getting it right next time.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may need to review the underlying science content knowledge so you can recall key concepts and terms.
Recommendation
Review the practice you complete, searching for general areas of content weakness. Follow up by studying those areas of content weakness using your prep books, videos, or instructor. For areas you particularly struggle with, make use of existing flashcards or create your own.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may need to review the underlying science content or you may have had trouble thinking about a specific scenario and then applying the right outside content knowledge to it.
Recommendation
Focus on becoming more comfortable working with content you already know. Additional practice questions and review will be key, as well as creating and updating personalized flashcards based on trends you notice in your own difficulties recognizing content. Make sure to go back to the books, videos, and instructors for help with any content you don't know at all.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may have rushed through the question stem or answer choices trying to get through questions faster. Knowing how to allocate time on the MCAT is an important skill to master.
Recommendation
Slow down and focus on processing the question first, prior to diving into the answer choices. The test is timed, but points come from understanding the question stem and answering it correctly, so careful reading should be a priority in practice. Focus on taking the time to rephrase the question stem and carefully read the answer choices and complete further practice to test those skills.
Underlying Problem(s)
You might be missing a strategic approach to understanding the question stem, or, what the MCAT is actually asking in this case. This is usually because you weren't able to identify key parts of the question, or it might be because you need more content review.
Recommendation
Rephrasing the question stem in a conscientious way is key to being able to solve the more challenging or wordy questions on the MCAT. Focus on pausing and rephrasing the question stem, prior to trying to actively investigate and solve the problem.
Underlying Problem(s)
You understood the question, but may not have used an equation correctly because you're less comfortable with calculations. You may have also skipped a step when making your calculations or didn't identify a variable value. Reading carefully, identifying the correct variables, and using your scratch work effectively are all key to calculation success.
Recommendation
If you are struggling with calculations, make sure in practice you are making use of your scratch paper and noting any key variables, writing down the portions of the equation and calculations that you need to keep track of your work. If you are going to take the time to complete a calculation question, invest a few extra seconds of writing to ensure you do not make a simple calculation mistake.
Underlying Problem(s)
Wrong answers on the MCAT will always have something definitely wrong in them. You may not have spent time predicting the answer before reviewing the answer choices. Wrong answers are tempting for a very specific reason that relies on common mistakes you might make.
Recommendation
If you are narrowing down to two and choosing wrong consistently, that indicates you are not predicting correct answers prior to diving into the answer choices. Before reading the answer choices in depth, make sure you have a clear task to accomplish based on what the question is really asking, and then complete that task, going to the answer choices only when appropriate. Going into the answer choices too early is likely to lead to further 'stuck between two answers' scenarios.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may not have understood the question or didn't read it closely enough. This is usually due to rushing through a question stem before making a prediction and going to the answer choices.
Recommendation
Rephrasing the question stem in a conscientious way is key to being able to solve the more challenging or wordy questions on the MCAT. In future practice, focus on pausing and rephrasing the question stem, prior to trying to actively investigate and solve the problem.
Underlying Problem(s)
When you "overthink" an MCAT problem, you might be lead astray by an answer that covers something well beyond the scope of the question. This is usually due to not spending enough time predicting an answer before reviewing answer choices.
Recommendation
Before reading the answer choices in depth, make sure you have a clear task to accomplish based on what the question is really asking, and then complete that task, going to the answer choices only when appropriate. Going into the answer choices too early is likely to lead to further 'stuck between two answers' scenarios.
Question #14
A patient who resides in the United States says, “I love you,” and hugs his doctor after every routine visit. This behavior violates:
Answer:
The correct answer is D
In the United States, it is not a common practice to say, “I love you,“ and hug one’s physician after each routine checkup; therefore, this behavior could be considered deviant, going against the social norm. Values, choice (C), are what an individual deems to be important.
(A) Distortion. H+Personal beliefs are what someone thinks, not what they do.
(B) Distortion. Patient autonomy is only relevant to medical treatment.
(C) Distortion. Social values are what someone thinks is important, not what they do.
Did you answer incorrectly? Make it a learning opportunity. Choose your error type below for more help on getting it right next time.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may need to review the underlying science content knowledge so you can recall key concepts and terms.
Recommendation
Review the practice you complete, searching for general areas of content weakness. Follow up by studying those areas of content weakness using your prep books, videos, or instructor. For areas you particularly struggle with, make use of existing flashcards or create your own.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may need to review the underlying science content or you may have had trouble thinking about a specific scenario and then applying the right outside content knowledge to it.
Recommendation
Focus on becoming more comfortable working with content you already know. Additional practice questions and review will be key, as well as creating and updating personalized flashcards based on trends you notice in your own difficulties recognizing content. Make sure to go back to the books, videos, and instructors for help with any content you don't know at all.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may have rushed through the question stem or answer choices trying to get through questions faster. Knowing how to allocate time on the MCAT is an important skill to master.
Recommendation
Slow down and focus on processing the question first, prior to diving into the answer choices. The test is timed, but points come from understanding the question stem and answering it correctly, so careful reading should be a priority in practice. Focus on taking the time to rephrase the question stem and carefully read the answer choices and complete further practice to test those skills.
Underlying Problem(s)
You might be missing a strategic approach to understanding the question stem, or, what the MCAT is actually asking in this case. This is usually because you weren't able to identify key parts of the question, or it might be because you need more content review.
Recommendation
Rephrasing the question stem in a conscientious way is key to being able to solve the more challenging or wordy questions on the MCAT. Focus on pausing and rephrasing the question stem, prior to trying to actively investigate and solve the problem.
Underlying Problem(s)
You understood the question, but may not have used an equation correctly because you're less comfortable with calculations. You may have also skipped a step when making your calculations or didn't identify a variable value. Reading carefully, identifying the correct variables, and using your scratch work effectively are all key to calculation success.
Recommendation
If you are struggling with calculations, make sure in practice you are making use of your scratch paper and noting any key variables, writing down the portions of the equation and calculations that you need to keep track of your work. If you are going to take the time to complete a calculation question, invest a few extra seconds of writing to ensure you do not make a simple calculation mistake.
Underlying Problem(s)
Wrong answers on the MCAT will always have something definitely wrong in them. You may not have spent time predicting the answer before reviewing the answer choices. Wrong answers are tempting for a very specific reason that relies on common mistakes you might make.
Recommendation
If you are narrowing down to two and choosing wrong consistently, that indicates you are not predicting correct answers prior to diving into the answer choices. Before reading the answer choices in depth, make sure you have a clear task to accomplish based on what the question is really asking, and then complete that task, going to the answer choices only when appropriate. Going into the answer choices too early is likely to lead to further 'stuck between two answers' scenarios.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may not have understood the question or didn't read it closely enough. This is usually due to rushing through a question stem before making a prediction and going to the answer choices.
Recommendation
Rephrasing the question stem in a conscientious way is key to being able to solve the more challenging or wordy questions on the MCAT. In future practice, focus on pausing and rephrasing the question stem, prior to trying to actively investigate and solve the problem.
Underlying Problem(s)
When you "overthink" an MCAT problem, you might be lead astray by an answer that covers something well beyond the scope of the question. This is usually due to not spending enough time predicting an answer before reviewing answer choices.
Recommendation
Before reading the answer choices in depth, make sure you have a clear task to accomplish based on what the question is really asking, and then complete that task, going to the answer choices only when appropriate. Going into the answer choices too early is likely to lead to further 'stuck between two answers' scenarios.
Question #15
The potential danger involved with ingesting certain compounds is associated with their solubility in the body's aqueous environment. Which of the following would be most soluble in water?
Answer:
The correct answer is A
Questions on the physical properties of organic compounds are best answered based on general chemistry principles, most notably those related to bond polarity and molecular interactions. For solubility, it is important to remember that “likes dissolve likes.” As such, we are looking for a molecule which best mimics the polar nature of water. Hydrogen bonding is the strongest intermolecular force in which water molecules participate - the most soluble molecule should be similar. Alcohols also participate in hydrogen bonding, a capability that decreases with the increasing size of the alkyl portion of the alcohol molecule, since the relatively nonpolar alkyl group disrupts the hydrogen bonding network. Since ethanol, choice (A), has a smaller alkyl group than propanol, choice (B), it has a greater capacity for hydrogen bonding and will be more soluble in water than propanol. Choices (C) and (D) show a ketone and an ether respectively; these compounds are not as soluble in water since, even though they have polar carbon-oxygen bonds, they have no hydrogens bonded to electronegative (FON) atoms that can participate in hydrogen bonding. Choice (A) is the correct answer.
(B) Distortion. While OH group can form hydrogen bonds, this molecule is less soluble in water than ethanol because the carbon chain is one carbon longer.
(C) Distortion. Ketones do have a dipole moment, but they cannot form hydrogen bonds.
(D) Distortion. Ethers are slightly polar, but cannot form hydrogen bonds, making them relatively insoluble in water.
Did you answer incorrectly? Make it a learning opportunity. Choose your error type below for more help on getting it right next time.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may need to review the underlying science content knowledge so you can recall key concepts and terms.
Recommendation
Review the practice you complete, searching for general areas of content weakness. Follow up by studying those areas of content weakness using your prep books, videos, or instructor. For areas you particularly struggle with, make use of existing flashcards or create your own.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may need to review the underlying science content or you may have had trouble thinking about a specific scenario and then applying the right outside content knowledge to it.
Recommendation
Focus on becoming more comfortable working with content you already know. Additional practice questions and review will be key, as well as creating and updating personalized flashcards based on trends you notice in your own difficulties recognizing content. Make sure to go back to the books, videos, and instructors for help with any content you don't know at all.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may have rushed through the question stem or answer choices trying to get through questions faster. Knowing how to allocate time on the MCAT is an important skill to master.
Recommendation
Slow down and focus on processing the question first, prior to diving into the answer choices. The test is timed, but points come from understanding the question stem and answering it correctly, so careful reading should be a priority in practice. Focus on taking the time to rephrase the question stem and carefully read the answer choices and complete further practice to test those skills.
Underlying Problem(s)
You might be missing a strategic approach to understanding the question stem, or, what the MCAT is actually asking in this case. This is usually because you weren't able to identify key parts of the question, or it might be because you need more content review.
Recommendation
Rephrasing the question stem in a conscientious way is key to being able to solve the more challenging or wordy questions on the MCAT. Focus on pausing and rephrasing the question stem, prior to trying to actively investigate and solve the problem.
Underlying Problem(s)
You understood the question, but may not have used an equation correctly because you're less comfortable with calculations. You may have also skipped a step when making your calculations or didn't identify a variable value. Reading carefully, identifying the correct variables, and using your scratch work effectively are all key to calculation success.
Recommendation
If you are struggling with calculations, make sure in practice you are making use of your scratch paper and noting any key variables, writing down the portions of the equation and calculations that you need to keep track of your work. If you are going to take the time to complete a calculation question, invest a few extra seconds of writing to ensure you do not make a simple calculation mistake.
Underlying Problem(s)
Wrong answers on the MCAT will always have something definitely wrong in them. You may not have spent time predicting the answer before reviewing the answer choices. Wrong answers are tempting for a very specific reason that relies on common mistakes you might make.
Recommendation
If you are narrowing down to two and choosing wrong consistently, that indicates you are not predicting correct answers prior to diving into the answer choices. Before reading the answer choices in depth, make sure you have a clear task to accomplish based on what the question is really asking, and then complete that task, going to the answer choices only when appropriate. Going into the answer choices too early is likely to lead to further 'stuck between two answers' scenarios.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may not have understood the question or didn't read it closely enough. This is usually due to rushing through a question stem before making a prediction and going to the answer choices.
Recommendation
Rephrasing the question stem in a conscientious way is key to being able to solve the more challenging or wordy questions on the MCAT. In future practice, focus on pausing and rephrasing the question stem, prior to trying to actively investigate and solve the problem.
Underlying Problem(s)
When you "overthink" an MCAT problem, you might be lead astray by an answer that covers something well beyond the scope of the question. This is usually due to not spending enough time predicting an answer before reviewing answer choices.
Recommendation
Before reading the answer choices in depth, make sure you have a clear task to accomplish based on what the question is really asking, and then complete that task, going to the answer choices only when appropriate. Going into the answer choices too early is likely to lead to further 'stuck between two answers' scenarios.
Question #16
Which of the following best describes the populations targeted by Medicare and Medicaid, respectively?
Answer:
The correct answer is C
Medicare covers patients over the age of 65 (older age groups), those with end-stage renal disease, and those with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Medicaid covers patients below a certain socioeconomic level.
(A) Distortion. Neither Medicare nor Medicaid is directed towards recent immigrants.
(B) Distortion. Neither Medicare nor Medicaid is directed towards recent immigrants.
(D) Opposite. This answer swaps the roles of Medicare and Medicaid.
Did you answer incorrectly? Make it a learning opportunity. Choose your error type below for more help on getting it right next time.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may need to review the underlying science content knowledge so you can recall key concepts and terms.
Recommendation
Review the practice you complete, searching for general areas of content weakness. Follow up by studying those areas of content weakness using your prep books, videos, or instructor. For areas you particularly struggle with, make use of existing flashcards or create your own.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may need to review the underlying science content or you may have had trouble thinking about a specific scenario and then applying the right outside content knowledge to it.
Recommendation
Focus on becoming more comfortable working with content you already know. Additional practice questions and review will be key, as well as creating and updating personalized flashcards based on trends you notice in your own difficulties recognizing content. Make sure to go back to the books, videos, and instructors for help with any content you don't know at all.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may have rushed through the question stem or answer choices trying to get through questions faster. Knowing how to allocate time on the MCAT is an important skill to master.
Recommendation
Slow down and focus on processing the question first, prior to diving into the answer choices. The test is timed, but points come from understanding the question stem and answering it correctly, so careful reading should be a priority in practice. Focus on taking the time to rephrase the question stem and carefully read the answer choices and complete further practice to test those skills.
Underlying Problem(s)
You might be missing a strategic approach to understanding the question stem, or, what the MCAT is actually asking in this case. This is usually because you weren't able to identify key parts of the question, or it might be because you need more content review.
Recommendation
Rephrasing the question stem in a conscientious way is key to being able to solve the more challenging or wordy questions on the MCAT. Focus on pausing and rephrasing the question stem, prior to trying to actively investigate and solve the problem.
Underlying Problem(s)
You understood the question, but may not have used an equation correctly because you're less comfortable with calculations. You may have also skipped a step when making your calculations or didn't identify a variable value. Reading carefully, identifying the correct variables, and using your scratch work effectively are all key to calculation success.
Recommendation
If you are struggling with calculations, make sure in practice you are making use of your scratch paper and noting any key variables, writing down the portions of the equation and calculations that you need to keep track of your work. If you are going to take the time to complete a calculation question, invest a few extra seconds of writing to ensure you do not make a simple calculation mistake.
Underlying Problem(s)
Wrong answers on the MCAT will always have something definitely wrong in them. You may not have spent time predicting the answer before reviewing the answer choices. Wrong answers are tempting for a very specific reason that relies on common mistakes you might make.
Recommendation
If you are narrowing down to two and choosing wrong consistently, that indicates you are not predicting correct answers prior to diving into the answer choices. Before reading the answer choices in depth, make sure you have a clear task to accomplish based on what the question is really asking, and then complete that task, going to the answer choices only when appropriate. Going into the answer choices too early is likely to lead to further 'stuck between two answers' scenarios.
Underlying Problem(s)
You may not have understood the question or didn't read it closely enough. This is usually due to rushing through a question stem before making a prediction and going to the answer choices.
Recommendation
Rephrasing the question stem in a conscientious way is key to being able to solve the more challenging or wordy questions on the MCAT. In future practice, focus on pausing and rephrasing the question stem, prior to trying to actively investigate and solve the problem.
Underlying Problem(s)
When you "overthink" an MCAT problem, you might be lead astray by an answer that covers something well beyond the scope of the question. This is usually due to not spending enough time predicting an answer before reviewing answer choices.
Recommendation
Before reading the answer choices in depth, make sure you have a clear task to accomplish based on what the question is really asking, and then complete that task, going to the answer choices only when appropriate. Going into the answer choices too early is likely to lead to further 'stuck between two answers' scenarios.
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